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This is an American history educational moment of those who made a difference during the Revolutionary War era and how they served our country.
Josiah Bartlett was an uncommon person born into a typical colonial family. Josiah was born on Nov. 21, 1729, in Amesbury, Mass. He was Stephen and Hannah’s fourth son and fifth child. As an ordinary family of the era, the Bartletts tended a farm while Stephen also worked as a cobbler.
Josiah attended the town’s community school until he was 16. His common school education included Latin and Greek. Bartlett’s language courses helped position him to study and learn medicine under his preceptor, Dr. Ordway.
Working and learning the practice of medicine, Barlett became accomplished at compounding drugs, delivering babies, treating injuries, and other medical treatments. After several years of training, practical experience, and apprenticeship, Josiah was announced as Dr. Bartlett. As Kingston, N.H., needed a physician, Josiah moved and established medical and dental practices. During his 45-year medical career, Dr. Bartlette developed a “stellar reputation among his colleagues and patients as a man of independent thinking and keen understanding.”
Bartlett was elected to the New Hampshire legislature early in his political life. During the Stamp Act uproar, “the Royal Governor [of New Hampshire] attempted to bribe Bartlett into siding with the Crown, but Bartlett ‘rejected every overture.’”
During the next several years, Josiah was vital in several positions “as an active advocate against British oppression.” He was a commander in the New Hampshire militia and a member of the Committee of Safety.
In the mid-1770s, as a state legislator, “he cast his lot with the Revolutionaries.” Dr. Barlett was elected to the first provisional Congress when the Royal Governor dissolved the colonial assembly. In 1775, Josiah was elected to the Continental Congress. As revenge, British terrorists burned his home to the ground, and he could not attend the Congressional sessions.
Josiah was again elected to Congress. This time, he was able to attend, and on July 2, 1776, he voted for independence. “Two days later, he cast the first vote to approve the Declaration.”
Dr. Josiah Bartlett and John Hancock were the first to sign the document. During the Revolutionary War, Dr. Bartlett treated sick and wounded troops and was also a leading proponent of creating the United States Navy.
During his lifetime, Bartlett was also a justice of the peace, associate chief judge, and chief justice of the superior court. He also promoted the use of science in agriculture, manufacturing, canal projects, and the expansion of roads.
Moreover, Bartlett was the president and then governor of New Hampshire. Along with being a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Josiah’s other most cherished time was creating and being the first president of the New Hampshire Medical Society.
A year after leaving public service, this endearing and principal Founding Father died at 65 on May 19, 1795. Bartlett, New Hampshire, is named in his honor. Dr. Josiah Barlett was buried beside his wife, Mary, at the Universalist Church in Kingston.
Please visit your local Charters of Freedom setting on Valley River Ave, Murphy. A Charters of Freedom setting consists of the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. They are on permanent display analogous to the Charters of Freedom in the National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Visit our website (FoundationForward.com) to learn more about our existing settings. Vance and Mary Jo Patterson are the benefactors of Foundation Forward, making each Charters of Freedom setting possible.
Teachers may contact Dr. Streater for information and complementary student education materials to enhance experiential field trips to their Charters of Freedom settings.
Please email Dr. Streater (david.streater@mymail.barry.edu) for paired educational materials.
Dr. David Streater is director of education for Foundation Forward, 501(c)(3). He is a retired college instructor/administrator and a retired probation and parole officer/administrator. In addition, David is a criminologist who has an acute history interest, served in the Navy and is a resident of Burke County.